![]() ![]() The first performance of the work, given at St. Early in 1893 the composer began work on his Symphony #6 in B minor, subsequently titled Pathétique by his brother Modest. He composed one of his finest operas, The Queen of Spades, in 1890. The marriage was unhappy from the outset, and the couple soon separated.įrom 1887 to 1891 Tchaikovsky made several highly successful concert tours, conducting his own works before large, enthusiastic audiences in the major cities of Europe and the U.S. Meanwhile, in 1877, Tchaikovsky, perhaps hoping to still the sexual identity conflicts, had married Antonina Milyukova, a music student at the Moscow Conservatory who had written to the composer declaring her love for him. ![]() To this time belong the operas Eugene Onegin (1878), The Maid of Orleans (1879), Mazeppa (1883) and The Sorceress (1887), the ballets Swan Lake (1876) and The Sleeping Beauty (1889), the Rococo Variations for Cello & Orchestra (1876), the Violin Concerto in D Major (1878), the orchestral works Marche Slave (1876), Francesca da Rimini (1876), Symphony #4 in F minor (1877), the overture The Year 1812 (1880), Capriccio Italien (1880), Serenade for string orchestra (1880), Manfred symphony (1885), Symphony #5 in E minor (1888), the fantasy overture Hamlet (1885) and numerous songs. The period of his connection with Madame von Meck was one of rich productivity for Tchaikovsky. Although Tchaikovsky's other sources of income were by then adequate to sustain him, he was wounded by the sudden defection of his patron without apparent cause, and he never forgave her. Fourteen years later, however, Madame von Meck, believing herself financially ruined, abruptly terminated the subsidy. In 1876 Tchaikovsky became acquainted with Madam Nadejda von Meck, a wealthy widow, whose enthusiasm for the composer's music led her to give him an annual allowance of 600 pounds. Well known for its dramatic first movement and skillful use of folk-like melodies, it subsequently became one of the most frequently played of all piano concertos. ![]() Rubinstein later acknowledged the merit of the revised composition and made it a part of his own repertoire. Deeply injured, Tchaikovsky made extensive alterations in the work and dedicated it instead to the German pianist Hans Guido von Bulow, who rewarded the courtesy by performing the concerto on the occasion of his first concert tour of the United States (1875-76). The first Piano Concerto was dedicated originally to Nicholas Rubinstein, who pronounced it unplayable. From this period also date his operas Undine (1869) and The Oprichnik (1872), the Piano Concerto #1 in B Flat minor (1875), the symphonies #1 (called "Winter Dreams", 1868), #2 (1873, subsequently revised and titled "Little Russian"), and #3 (1875), and the overture Romeo and Juliet (1870). There the young composer met the dramatist Aleksandr Nikolayevich Ostrovsky, who wrote the libretto for Tchaikovsky's first opera, The Voyevoda (1868). In 1866 the composer-pianist Nicholas Rubinstein, Anton's brother, obtained for Tchaikovsky the post of teacher of harmony at the Moscow Conservatory. There his teachers included the Russian composer and pianist Anton Rubinstein, from whom Tchaikovsky subsequently took advanced instruction in orchestration. Petersburg and took music classes at the St. Piotr Ilyitch (Pyotr Il'yich) Tchaikovsky (November 6, 1893) was born in Kamsko-Votkinsk, in the western Ural Vyatka province of Russia. ![]()
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